题意:给定 \(k,b,n,m\),求 \(\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}f(g(i))\)
其中 \(f(i)=f(i-1)+f(i-2),f(1)=1,f(0)=0\),\(g(i)=k*i+b\)
令矩阵 \(A\) 为
\[\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \\ \end{bmatrix}\]那么
\[\begin{bmatrix} f(n+1) \\ f(n) \\ \end{bmatrix}=A^n \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ \end{bmatrix}\]我们所求的
\[S = f(g(1))+f(g(2))+...+f(g(n-1))\] \[S=f(b)+f(k+b)+f(k\cdot 2+b)+...+f(k\cdot (n-1)+b)\] \[S=A^b\begin{bmatrix}1 \\0 \\ \end{bmatrix}+A^{k+b}\begin{bmatrix}1 \\ 0 \\ \end{bmatrix}+...+A^{k(n-1)+b}\begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ \end{bmatrix}\] \[S=A^b[E+(A^k)^1+(A^k)^2...+(A^k)^{n-1}]\begin{bmatrix}1 \\0 \\ \end{bmatrix}\]中间的前缀和求法可参考我上一篇文章 (p 讲解都没有):http://www.cnblogs.com/caturra/p/8452828.html
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,j,k) for(register int i=j;i<=k;i++)
#define println(a) printf("%lld\n",(ll)a)
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
ll read(){
ll x=0,f=1;register char ch=getchar();
while(ch<'0'||ch>'9'){if(ch=='-')f=-1;ch=getchar();}
while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9'){x=x*10+ch-'0';ch=getchar();}
return x*f;
}
ll k,b,n,m;
struct Matrix{
ll mt[5][5],r,c;
void init(int rr,int cc,bool flag=0){
r=rr;c=cc;
memset(mt,0,sizeof mt);
if(flag) rep(i,1,r) mt[i][i]=1;
}
Matrix operator * (Matrix rhs){
Matrix ans; ans.init(r,rhs.c);
rep(i,1,r){
rep(j,1,rhs.c){
int t=max(r,rhs.c);
rep(k,1,t){
ans.mt[i][j]+=(mt[i][k]*rhs.mt[k][j])%m;
ans.mt[i][j]=(ans.mt[i][j])%m;
}
}
}
return ans;
}
};
Matrix fpw(Matrix A,ll n){
Matrix ans;ans.init(A.r,A.c,1);
while(n){
if(n&1) ans=ans*A;
n>>=1;
A=A*A;
}
return ans;
}
int bas[3][3]={
{0,0,0},
{0,1,1},
{0,1,0}
};
int bas2[3]={0,1,0};
int main(){
Matrix A; A.init(2,2);
rep(i,1,2)rep(j,1,2) A.mt[i][j]=bas[i][j];
Matrix C; C.init(2,1);
rep(i,1,2) C.mt[i][1]=bas2[i];
while(cin>>k>>b>>n>>m){
Matrix Ak=fpw(A,k);
Matrix Ab=fpw(A,b);
Matrix UNIT; UNIT.init(2,2,1);
Matrix B; B.init(4,4);
rep(i,1,2)rep(j,1,2) B.mt[i][j]=Ak.mt[i][j];
rep(i,1,2)rep(j,3,4) B.mt[i][j]=UNIT.mt[i][j-2];
rep(i,3,4)rep(j,3,4) B.mt[i][j]=UNIT.mt[i-2][j-2];
Matrix res=fpw(B,n);
B.init(2,2);
rep(i,1,2) rep(j,1,2) B.mt[i][j]=res.mt[i][j+2];
res=Ab*B*C;
println(res.mt[2][1]);
}
return 0;
}